MIDI Implementation

Function ... Transmitted Recognized Remarks
Basic Channel Default x 1-16  
Changed x 1-16
Mode Default x Mode 3 *2
Messages x Mode 3, 4 (M = 1)
Altered *******  
Note Number   x 0-127  
True voice ******* 0-127
Velocity Note ON x o  
Note OFF x x
After Touch Key's x x  
Ch's x o *1
Pitch Bend x o *1
Control Change 0, 32 x o *1 Bank select
1 x o *1 Modulation
5 x o *1 Portamento time
6, 38 x o *1 Data entry-
7 x o *1 Volume
10 x o *1 Panpot
11 x o *1 Expression
64 x o *1 Hold1
65 x o *1 Portamento
66 x o *1 Sostenuto
84 x o *1 Portamento control
91 x o (Reverb) *1 Effect1 depth
93 x o (Chorus) *1 Effect3 depth
94 x o (Delay) *1 Effect4 depth
98, 99 x x *1 NRPN LSB, MSB
100, 101 x o *1 RPN LSB, MSB
Prog Change   x o *1  
True # ******* 0-127 Prog.1-128
System Exclusive x o  
System Common Song Pos x x  
Song Sel x x
Tune x x
System Real Times Clock x x  
Commands x x
Aux Messages All Sounds OFF x o (120, 126, 127)  
Reset All Controllers x o
Local ON/OFF x x
All Notes OFF x o (123-125)
Active Sensing x o
System Reset x x
Notes *1 o x is selectable
*2 Recognize as M = 1 even if M not EQ 1

Mode 1 : OMNI ON, POLY Mode 2 : OMNI ON, MONO o : Yes
Mode 3 : OMNI OFF, POLY Mode 4 : OMNI OFF, MONO x : No

Section 1. Receive data

Channel Voice Messages

<Note off>

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
8nH kkH vvH
9nH kkH 00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
kk = note number : 00H-7FH (0-127)
vv = note off velocity : 00H-7FH (0-127)

* For Drum Parts, these messages are received when Rx.NOTE OFF = ON for each Instrument.
* The velocity values of Note Off messages are ignored.

<Note on>

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
9nH kkH vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
kk = note number : 00H-7FH (0-127)
vv = note on velocity : 01H-7FH (1-127)

* Not received when Rx.NOTE MESSAGE = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
* For Drum Parts, not received when Rx.NOTE ON = OFF for each Instrument.

<Control Change>

* When Rx.CONTROL CHANGE = OFF, all control change messages except for Channel Mode messages will be ignored.
* The value specified by a Control Change message will not be reset even by a Program Change, etc.

> Bank Select (Controller number 0, 32)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 00H mmH
BnH 20H llH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm, ll = Bank number : 00H, 00H-7FH, 7FH (bank.1-bank.16384), Initial Value = 00 00H (bank.1)

* Not received when Rx.BANK SELECT = OFF. "Rx.BANK SELECT" is set to OFF by "Turn General MIDI System On," and set to ON by "GS RESET." (Power-on default value is ON.)
* Bank number LSB will be handled as 00H regardless of the received value. However, when sending Bank Select messages, you have to send both the MSB (mmH) and LSB (llH, the value should be 00H) together.
* Bank Select processing will be suspended until a Program Change message is received.
* The GS format "Variation number" is the value of the Bank Select MSB (Controller number 0) expressed in decimal.

> Modulation (Controller number 1)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 01H vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Modulation depth : 00H-7FH (0-127)

* Not received when Rx.MODULATION = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
* The resulting effect is determined by System Exclusive messages. With the initial settings, this is Pitch Modulation Depth.

> Portamento Time (Controller number 5)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 05H vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Portamento Time : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial value = 00H (0)

* This adjusts the rate of pitch change when Portamento is ON or when using the Portamento Control. A value of 0 results in the fastest change.

> Data Entry (Controller number 6, 38)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 06H mmH
BnH 26H llH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm, ll = the value of the parameter specified by RPN/NRPN

> Volume (Controller number 7)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 07H vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Volume : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 64H (100)

* Volume messages are used to adjust the volume balance of each Part.
* Not received when Rx.VOLUME = OFF. (Initial value is ON)

> Pan (Controller number 10)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 0AH vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = pan : 00H-40H-7FH (Left-Center-Right), Initial Value = 40H (Center)

* For Rhythm Parts, this is a relative adjustment of each Instrument's pan setting.
* Not received when Rx.PANPOT = OFF. (Initial value is ON)

> Expression (Controller number 11)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 0BH vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Expression : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 7FH (127)

* It can be used independently from Volume messages. Expression messages are used for musical expression within a performance; e.g., expression pedal movements, crescendo and decrescendo.
* Not received when Rx.EXPRESSION = OFF. (Initial value is ON)

> Hold 1 (Controller number 64)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 40H vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF, 64-127 = ON

* Not received when Rx.HOLD1 = OFF. (Initial value is ON)

> Portamento (Controller number 65)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 41H vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF, 64-127 = ON

* Not received when Rx.PORTAMENTO = OFF. (Initial value is ON)

> Sostenuto (Controller number 66)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 42H vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF, 64-127 = ON

* Not received when Rx.SOSTENUTO = OFF. (Initial value is ON)

> Portamento control (Controller number 84)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 54H kkH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
kk = source note number : 00H-7FH (0-127)

* A Note-on received immediately after a Portamento Control message will change continuously in pitch, starting from the pitch of the Source Note Number.
* If a voice is already sounding for a note number identical to the Source Note Number, this voice will continue sounding (i.e., legato) and will, when the next Note-on is received, smoothly change to the pitch of that Note-on.
* The rate of the pitch change caused by Portamento Control is determined by the Portamento Time valu

Example 1)

On MIDI Description Result
90 3C 40(Note on C4) C4 on
B0 54 3C(Portamento Control from C4) no change (C4 voice still sounding)
90 40 40(Note on E4) glide from C4 to E4
80 3C 40(Note off C4) no change
80 40 40(Note off E4) E4 off

Example 2)

On MIDI Description Result
B0 54 3C(Portamento Control from C4) no change
90 40 40(Note on E4) E4 is played with glide from C4 to E4
80 40 40(Note off E4) E4 off

> Effect 1 (Reverb Send Level) (Controller number 91)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 5BH vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 28H (40)

* This message adjusts the Reverb Send Level of each Part.

> Effect 3 (Chorus Send Level) (Controller number 93)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 5DH vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 00H (0)0)

* This message adjusts the Chorus Send Level of each Part.

> Effect 4 (Delay Send Level) (Controller number 94)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 5EH vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 00H (0)

* This message adjusts the Delay Send Level of each Part.

> NRPN MSB/LSB (Controller number 98, 99)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 63H mmH
BnH 62H llH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm = upper byte of the parameter number specified by NRPN
ll = lower byte of the parameter number specified by NRPN

* NRPN can be received when Rx.NRPN = ON. "Rx.NRPN" is set to OFF by power-on reset or by receiving "Turn General MIDI System On," and it is set to ON by "GS RESET."
* The value set by NRPN will not be reset even if Program Change or Reset All Controllers is received.

**NRPN**
The NRPN (Non Registered Parameter Number) message allows an extended range of control changes to be used.
To use these messages, you must first use NRPN MSB and NRPN LSB messages to specify the parameter to be controlled, and then use Data Entry messages to specify the value of the specified parameter. Once an NRPN parameter has been specified, all Data Entry messages received on that channel will modify the value of that parameter. To prevent accidents, it is recommended that you set RPN Null (RPN Number = 7FH/7FH) when you have finished setting the value of the desired parameter. Refer to Supplementary material "Examples of actual MIDI messages" <Example 4>. On the GS devices, Data entry LSB (llH) of NRPN is ignored, so it is no problem to send Data entry MSB (mmH) only (without Data entry LSB)

On the VSC 3.0, NRPN can be used to modify the following parameters.

NRPN MSB LSB Data entry MSB Explanation
01H 08H mmH Vibrato rate (relative change on specified channel)
mm: 00H-40H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)
01H 09H mmH ibrato depth (relative change on specified channel)
mm: 00H-40H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)
01H 0AH mmH Vibrato delay (relative change on specified channel)
mm: 00H-40H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)
01H 20H mmH TVF Cutoff Frequency (relative change)
mm: 00H-40H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)
01H 63H mmH TVF&TVA Envelope Attack Time (relative change)
mm: 00H-40H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)
01H 64H mmH TVF&TVA Envelope Decay Time (relative change)
mm: 00H-40H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)
01H 66H mmH TVF&TVA Envelope Release Time (relative change)
mm: 00H-40H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)
18H rrH mmH Pitch coarse of drum instrument (relative change on specified drum instrument)
rr: key number of drum instrument
mm: 00H-40H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63 semitone)
1AH rrH mmH TVA level of drum instrument (absolute change on specified drum instrument)
rr: key number of drum instrument
mm: 00H-7FH (zero-maximum)
1CH rrH mmH Panpot of drum instrument (absolute change on specified drum instrument)
rr: key number of drum instrument
mm: 01H-40H-7FH (Left-Center-Right)
1DH rrH mmH Reverb send level of drum instrument (absolute change on specified drum instrument)
rr: key number of drum instrument
mm: 00H-7FH (zero-maximum)
1EH rrH mmH horus send level of drum instrument (absolute change on specified drum instrument)
rr: key number of drum instrument
mm: 00H-7FH (zero-maximum)
1FH rrH mmH Delay send level of drum instrument (absolute change on specified drum instrument)
rr: key number of drum instrument
mm: 00H-7FH (zero-maximum)

* Parameters marked "relative change" will change relative to the preset value.
* Parameters marked "absolute change" will be set to the absolute value of the parameter, regardless of the preset value.

> RPN MSB/LSB (Controller number 100, 101)

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 65H mmH
BnH 64H llH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm = upper byte of parameter number specified by RPN
ll = lower byte of parameter number specified by RPN

* Not received when Rx.RPN = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
* The value specified by RPN will not be reset even by messages such as Program Change or Reset All Controller.

**RPN**
The RPN (Registered Parameter Number) messages are expanded control changes, and each function of an RPN is described by the MIDI Standard.
To use these messages, you must first use RPN MSB and RPN LSB messages to specify the parameter to be controlled, and then use Data Entry messages to specify the value of the specified parameter. Once an RPN parameter has been specified, all Data Entry messages received on that channel will modify the value of that parameter. To prevent accidents, it is recommended that you set RPN Null (RPN Number = 7FH/7FH) when you have finished setting the value of the desired parameter. Refer to Section "Examples of actual MIDI messages" <Example 4>

On the VSC 3.0, RPN can be used to modify the following parameters.

RPN MSB LSB Data entry MSB LSB Explanation
00H 00H mmH --- itch Bend Sensitivity
mm: 00H-18H (0-24 semitones), Initial Value = 02H (2 semitones)
ll: ignored (processed as 00H)
specify up to 2 octaves in semitone steps
00H 01H mmH llH Master Fine Tuning
mm, ll: 00 00H - 40 00H - 7F 7FH (-100 - 0 - +99.99 cents), Initial Value = 40 00H (0 cent)
Refer to Supplementary material, "About tuning".
00H 02H mmH --- Master Coarse Tuning
mm: 28H-40H-58H (-24 - 0 - +24 semitones), Initial Value = 40H (0 semitone)
ll: ignored (processed as 00H)
7FH 7FH --- --- RPN null
Set condition where RPN and NRPN are unspecified. The data entry messages after set RPN null will be ignored. (No Data entry messages are required after RPN null).
Settings already made will not change.
mm, ll: ignored

<Program Change>

Status 2nd byte
CnH ppH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
pp = Program number : 00H-7FH (prog.1-prog.128)

* Not received when Rx.PROGRAM CHANGE = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
* After a Program Change message is received, the sound will change beginning with the next Note-on. Voices already sounding when the Program Change message was received will not be affected.
* For Drum Parts, Program Change messages will not be received on bank numbers 129-16384 (the value of Control Number 0 is other than 0 (00H)).

<Channel Pressure>

Status 2nd byte
DnH vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Channel Pressure : 00H-7FH (0-127)

* Not received when Rx.CH PRESSURE (CAf) = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
* The resulting effect is determined by System Exclusive messages. With the initial settings there will be no effect.

<Pitch Bend Change>

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
EnH llH mmH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm, ll = Pitch Bend value : 00 00H - 40 00H - 7F 7FH (-8192 - 0 - +8191)

* Not received when Rx.PITCH BEND = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
* The resulting effect is determined by System Exclusive messages. With the initial settings the effect is Pitch Bend.

Channel Mode Messages

<All Sounds Off (Controller number 120)>

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 78H 00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* When this message is received, all currently-sounding notes on the corresponding channel will be turned off immediately.

<Reset All Controllers (Controller number 121)>

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 79H 00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* When this message is received, the following controllers will be set to their reset values.

Controller Reset value
Pitch Bend Change 0 (center)
Channel Pressure 0 (off)
Modulation 0 (off)
Expression 127 (max)
Hold 1 0 (off)
Portamento 0 (off)
Sostenuto 0 (off)
RPN unset; previously set data will not change
NRPN unset; previously set data will not change

<All Notes Off (Controller number 123)>

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 7BH 00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* When All Notes Off is received, all notes on the corresponding channel will be turned off. However if Hold 1 or Sostenuto is ON, the sound will be continued until these are turned off.

<OMNI OFF (Controller number 124)>

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 7CH 00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* The same processing will be carried out as when All Notes Off is received.

<OMNI ON (Controller number 125)>

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 7DH 00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* OMNI ON is only recognized as "All notes off"; the Mode doesn't change (OMNI OFF remains).

<MONO (Controller number 126)>

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 7EH mmH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm = mono number : 00H-10H (0-16)

* The same processing will be carried out as when All Sounds Off and All Notes Off is received, and the corresponding channel will be set to Mode 4 (M = 1) regardless of the value of "mono number."

<POLY (Controller number 127)>

Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 7FH 00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* The same processing will be carried out as when All Sounds Off and All Notes Off is received, and the corresponding channel will be set to Mode 3.

System Exclusive Message

Status Data byte Status
F0H iiH, ddH, ......, eeH F7H

F0H : System Exclusive Message status

ii = ID number : an ID number (manufacturer ID) to indicate the manufacturer whose Exclusive message this is. Roland's manufacturer ID is 41H.
ID numbers 7EH and 7FH are extensions of the MIDI standard; Universal Non-realtime Messages (7EH) and Universal Realtime Messages (7FH).

dd,...,ee = data : 00H-7FH (0-127)

F7H : EOX (End Of Exclusive)

The System Exclusive Messages received by the VSC 3.0 are; messages related to mode settings, Universal Realtime System Exclusive messages, and Data Set (DT1).

<System exclusive messages related to mode settings>

These messages are used to initialize a device to GS or General MIDI mode, or change the operating mode. When creating performance data, a "Turn General MIDI System On" message should be inserted at the beginning of a General MIDI score, and a "GS Reset" message at the beginning of a GS music data. Each song should contain only one mode message as appropriate for the type of data. (Do not insert two or more mode setting messages in a single song.)
"Turn General MIDI System On" and "Turn General MIDI System Off" use Universal Non-realtime Message format. "GS Reset" and "Exit GS mode" use Roland system exclusive format "Data Set 1 (DT1)."

> GM1 System On

This is a command message that resets the internal settings of the unit to the General MIDI System Level-1 initial state. After receiving this message VSC 3.0, will automatically be set to the proper condition for correctly playing a General MIDI score.

Status Data byte Status
F0H 7EH, 7FH, 09H, 01H F7H
Byte Explanation
F0H Exclusive status
7EH ID number (Universal Non-realtime Message)
7FH Device ID (Broadcast)
09H Sub ID#1 (General MIDI Message)
01H Sub ID#2 (General MIDI 1 On)
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* When this message is received, Rx.BANK SELECT will be OFF and Rx.NRPN will be OFF.
* There must be an interval of at least 50 ms between this message and the next message.

> GM2 System On

This is a command message that resets the internal settings of the unit to the General MIDI System Level-2 initial state. After receiving this message VSC 3.0, will automatically be set to the proper condition for correctly playing a General MIDI score.

Status Data byte Status
F0H 7EH, 7FH, 09H, 03H F7H
Byte Explanation
F0H Exclusive status
7EH ID number (Universal Non-realtime Message)
7FH Device ID (Broadcast)
09H Sub ID#1 (General MIDI Message)
03H Sub ID#2 (General MIDI 2 On)
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* When this message is received, Rx.NRPN will be OFF.
* There must be an interval of at least 50 ms between this message and the next message.

> GM System Off

This message resets the unit from General MIDI mode to GS mode.

Status Data byte Status
F0H 7EH, 7FH, 09H, 02H F7H
Byte Explanation
F0H Exclusive status
7EH ID number (Universal Non-realtime Message)
7FH Device ID (Broadcast)
09H Sub ID#1 (General MIDI Message)
02H sub-ID#2 (General MIDI Off)
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* This message will not be received if "Mode Change Receive SW = OFF," or "Rx.Sys.Ex.SW = OFF."

> GS Reset

GS Reset is a command message that resets the internal settings of a device to the GS initial state. This message will appear at the beginning of GS music data, and a GS device that receives this message will automatically be set to the proper state to correctly playback GS music data.

Status Data byte Status
F0H 41H, dev, 42H, 12H, 40H, 00H, 7FH, 00H, 41H F7H
Byte Explanation
F0H Exclusive status
41H ID number (Roland)
dev Device ID (dev: 00H-1FH (1-32), Initial value is 10H (17))
42H Model ID (GS)
12H Command ID (DT1)
40H Address MSB
00H Address
7FH Address LSB
00H Data (GS reset)
41H Checksum
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* When this message is received, Rx.NRPN will be ON.

> Exit GS mode

This is a command message that resets the internal settings of the unit from GS mode to GM mode.

Status Data byte Status
F0H 41H, dev, 42H, 12H, 40H, 00H, 7FH, 7FH, 42H F7H
Byte Explanation
F0H Exclusive status
41H ID number (Roland)
dev Device ID (dev: 00H-1FH (1-32), Initial value is 10H (17))
42H Model ID (GS)
12H Command ID (DT1)
40H Address MSB
00H Address
7FH Address LSB
7FH Data (Exit GS mode)
41H Checksum
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* This message will not be received if "Mode Change Receive SW = OFF," or "Rx.Sys.Ex.SW = OFF" won't recognize this message.

> System Mode Set

On this system, This message is same as GS reset message.

Status Data byte Status
F0H 41H, dev, 42H, 12H, 00H, 00H, 7FH, ddH, sumH F7H
Byte Explanation
F0H Exclusive status
41H ID number (Roland)
dev Device ID (dev: 00H-1FH (1-32), Initial value is 10H (17))
42H Model ID (GS)
12H Command ID (DT1)
00H Address MSB
00H Address
7FH Address LSB
ddH Data
sumH Checksum
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)

<Universal Realtime System Exclusive Messages>

> Master volume

Status Data byte Status
F0H 7FH, 7FH, 04H, 01H, llH, mmH F7H
Byte Explanation
F0H Exclusive status
7FH ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH Device ID (Broadcast)
04H Sub ID#1 (Device Control messages)
01H Sub ID#2 (Master Volume)
llH Master volume lower byte
mmH Master volume upper byte
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* The lower byte (llH) of Master Volume will be handled as 00H.
* This message will not be received if "Mode Change Receive SW = OFF," or "Rx.Sys.Ex.SW = OFF."

<Data transmission>

> Data set 1 DT1

This is the message that actually performs data transmission, and is used when you wish to transmit the data.

Status Data byte Status
F0H 41H, dev, 42H, 12H, aaH, bbH, ccH, ddH, ... eeH, sum F7H
Byte Explanation
F0H Exclusive status
41H ID number (Roland)
dev Device ID (dev: 00H-1FH, Initial value is 10H))
42H Model ID (GS)
12H Command ID (DT1)
aaH Address MSB: upper byte of the starting address of the transmitted data
bbH Address: middle byte of the starting address of the transmitted data
ccH Address LSB: lower byte of the starting address of the transmitted data
ddH Data: the actual data to be transmitted. Multiple bytes of data are transmitted starting from the address.
: :
eeH Data
sum Checksum
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* The amount of data that can be transmitted at one time depends on the type of data, and data can be received only from the specified starting address and size. Refer to the Address and Size given in Section 3.
* Data larger than 128 bytes must be divided into packets of 128 bytes or less. If "Data Set 1" is transmitted successively, there must be an interval of at least 40 ms between packets.

Address Block map

An outlined address map of the Exclusive Communication is as follows;

Address (H) Block
40 00 00

:

40 01 3F

SYSTEM PARAMETERS Individual
40 1x 00

:

40 2x 5A

PART PARAMETERS (x = 0-F) Individual
41 m0 00

:

41 m8 7F

DRUM SETUP PARAMETERS (m = 0-1) Individual

There are two ways in which GS data is transmitted: Individual Parameter Transmission in which individual parameters are transmitted one by one, and Bulk Dump Transmission in which a large amount of data is transmitted at once.

Individual Parameters

Individual Parameter Transmission transmits data (or requests data) for one parameter as one exclusive message (one packet of "F0 ..... F7").
In Individual Parameter Transmission, you must use the Address and Size listed in the following "Parameter Address Map." Addresses marked at "#" cannot be used as starting addresses.

<System Parameters>

Parameters related to the system of the device are called System Parameters.

Address (H) Size (H) Data (H) Parameter Description Default Value (H) Description
40 00 00 00 00 04 0018-07E8 MASTER TUNE -100.0 - +100.0 [cent]
Use nibblized data.
* Refer to Supplementary material, "About tuning".
00 04 00 00 0 [cent]
40 00 01#
40 00 02#
40 00 03#
40 00 04 00 00 01 00-7F MASTER VOLUME
(= F0 7F 7F 04 01 00 vv F7)
0-127 7F 127
40 00 05 00 00 01 28-58 MASTER KEY-SHIFT -24 - +24[semitones] 40 0 [semitones]
40 00 06 00 00 01 01-7F MASTER PAN -63 (LEFT) - +63 (RIGHT) 40 0 (CENTER)
40 00 7F 00 00 01 00, 7F MODE SET
(Rx. only)
00 = GS Reset
127 = Exit GS mode
* Refer to "System exclusive messages related to Mode settings".
40 01 10 00 00 10 00-0F VOICE RESERVE Part 10 (Drum Part) 02 2
40 01 11# Part 1 06 6
40 01 12# Part 2 02 2
40 01 13# Part 3 02 2
40 01 14# Part 4 02 2
40 01 15# Part 5 02 2
40 01 16# Part 6 02 2
40 01 17# Part 7 02 2
40 01 18# Part 8 02 2
40 01 19# Part 9 02 2
40 01 1A# Part 11 00 0
40 01 :# : : :
40 01 1F# Part 16 00 0
40 01 30 00 00 01 00-07 REVERB MACRO 00:Room 1
01:Room 2
02:Room 3
03:Hall 1
04:Hall 2
05:Plate
06:Delay
07:Panning Delay
* REVERB MACRO is a macro parameter that allows global setting of reverb parameters. When you select the reverb type with REVERB MACRO, each reverb parameter will be set to the most suitable value.
04 Hall 2
40 01 31 00 00 01 00-07 REVERB CHARACTER 0-7
* REVERB CHARACTER is a parameter that changes the reverb algorithm. The value of REVERB CHARACTER corresponds to the REVERB MACRO of the same number.
04 4
40 01 33 00 00 01 00-7F REVERB LEVEL 0-127 40 64
40 01 34 00 00 01 00-7F REVERB TIME 0-127 40 64
40 01 35 00 00 01 00-7F REVERB DELAY FEEDBACK 0-127 00 0
40 01 38 00 00 01 00-07 CHORUS MACRO 00:Chorus 1
01:Chorus 2
02:Chorus 3
03:Chorus 4
04:Feedback Chorus
05:Flanger
06:Short Delay
07:Short Delay(FB)
*CHORUS MACRO is a macro parameter that allows global setting of chorus parameters. When you use CHORUS MACRO to select the chorus type, each chorus parameter will be set to the most suitable value.
02 Chorus 3
40 01 3A 00 00 01 00-7F CHORUS LEVEL 0-127 40 64
40 01 3B 00 00 01 00-7F CHORUS FEEDBACK 0-127 08 8
40 01 3C 00 00 01 00-7F CHORUS DELAY 0-127 50 80
40 01 3D 00 00 01 00-7F CHORUS RATE 0-127 03 3
40 01 3E 00 00 01 00-7F CHORUS DEPTH 0-127 13 19
40 01 3F 00 00 01 00-7F CHORUS SEND LEVEL TO REVERB 0-127 00 0
40 01 40 00 00 01 00-7F CHORUS SEND LEVEL TO DELAY 0-127 00 0
40 01 50 00 00 01 00-07 DELAY MACRO 00:Delay 1
01:Delay 2
02:Delay 3
03:Delay 4
04:Pan Delay 1
05:Pan Delay 2
06:Pan Delay 3
07:Pan Delay 4
08:Delay to Reverb
09:Pan Repeat
* DELAY MACRO is a macro parameter that allows global setting of delay parameters. When you use DELAY MACRO to select the delay type, each delay parameter will be set to the most suitable value.
00 Delay 1
40 01 52 00 00 01 00-73 DELAY TIME CENTER 0.1mS - 1sec
61 340
40 01 53 00 00 01 01-78 DELAY TIME RATIO LEFT 4 - 500% 01 4
40 01 54 00 00 01 01-78 DELAY TIME RATIO RIGHT 4 - 500% 01 4
40 01 55 00 00 01 00-7F DELAY LEVEL CENTER 0-127 7F 127
40 01 56 00 00 01 00-7F DELAY LEVEL LEFT 0-127 00 0
40 01 57 00 00 01 00-7F DELAY LEVEL RIGHT 0-127 00 0
40 01 58 00 00 01 00-7F DELAY LEVEL 0-127 40 64
40 01 59 00 00 01 00-7F DELAY FEEDBACK -64 - +63 50 80
40 01 5A 00 00 01 00-7F DELAY SEND LEVEL TO REVERB 0-127 00 0

* The preset parameters value for each DELAY MACRO are as follows.

DELAY TIME Time Range[ms] Resolution[ms]
01 - 14 0.1 - 2.0 0.1
14 - 23 2.0 - 5.0 0.2
23 - 2D 5.0 - 10.0 0.5
2D - 37 10.0 - 20.0 1.0
37 - 46 20.0 - 50.0 2.0
46 - 50 50.0 - 100.0 5.0
50 - 5A 100.0 - 200.0 10.0
5A - 69 200.0 - 500.0 20.0
69 - 73 500.0 - 1000.0 50.0

<Part Parameters>

VSC 3.0 has 16 parts. Parameters that can be set individually for each Part are called Part parameters.
If you use exclusive messages to set Part parameters, specify the address by Block number rather than Part Number (normally the same number as the MIDI channel). The Block number can be specified as one of 16 blocks, from 0 (H) to F (H).

The relation between Part number and Block number is as follows.

x...BLOCK NUMBER (0-F) Part 1(MIDIch = 1) x = 1(H)
Part 2(MIDIch = 2) x = 2(H)
: : :
Part 9(MIDIch = 9) x = 9(H)
Part10(MIDIch = 10) x = 0(H)
Part11(MIDIch = 11) x = A(H)
Part12(MIDIch = 12) x = B(H)
: : :
Part16 (MIDIch = 16) x = F(H)

In the following Map, the Controller Number of Control Change is indicated as "CC#."

Address (H) Size (H) Data (H) Parameter Description Default Value (H) Description
40 1x 00 00 00 02 00-7F TONE NUMBER CC#00 VALUE 0-127 00 0
40 1x 01#   00-7F   P.C. VALUE 1-128 00 1
40 1x 02 00 00 01 00-10 Rx. CHANNEL 1-16, OFF Same as the Part Number.
40 1x 03 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. PITCH BEND OFF/ON 01 ON
40 1x 04 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. CH PRESSURE(CAf) OFF/ON 01 ON
40 1x 05 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. PROGRAM CHANGE OFF/ON 01 ON
40 1x 06 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. CONTROL CHANGE OFF/ON 01 ON
40 1x 07 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. POLY PRESSURE(PAf) OFF/ON 01 ON
40 1x 08 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. NOTE MESSAGE OFF/ON 01 ON
40 1x 09 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. RPN OFF/ON 01 ON
40 1x 0A 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. NRPN OFF/ON 00(01*) OFF (ON*)
* Rx. NRPN is set to OFF by power-on or by receiving "Turn General MIDI System On," and it will be set ON when "GS RESET" is received.
40 1x 0B 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. MODULATION OFF/ON 01 ON
40 1x 0C 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. VOLUME OFF/ON 01 ON
40 1x 0D 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. PANPOT OFF/ON 01 ON
40 1x 0E 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. EXPRESSION OFF/ON 01 ON
40 1x 0F 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. HOLD1 OFF/ON 01 ON
40 1x 10 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. PORTAMENTO OFF/ON 01 ON
40 1x 11 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. SOSTENUTO OFF/ON 01 ON
40 1x 13 00 00 01 00-01 MONO/POLY MODE
(= CC# 126 01/CC# 127 00)
Mono/Poly 01 Poly
40 1x 14 00 00 01 00-02 ASSIGN MODE 0 = SINGLE
1 = LIMITED-MULTI
2 = FULL-MULTI
00 at x = 0
01 at x = 1-F
SINGLE at x = 0
LIMITED-MULTI at x = 1-F
* ASSIGN MODE is the parameter that determines how voice assignment will be handled when sounds overlap on identical note numbers in the same channel (i.e., repeatedly struck notes). This is initialized to a mode suitable for each Part, so for general purposes there is no need to change this.
40 1x 15 00 00 01 00-02 USE FOR RHYTHM PART 0 = OFF
1 = MAP1
2 = MAP2
00 at x = 1-F
01 at x = 00
OFF at x =1-F
MAP1 at x = 0
* This parameter sets the Drum Map of the Part used as the Drum Part. VSC 3.0 can simultaneously (in different Parts) use up to two Drum Maps (MAP1, MAP2). With the initial settings, Part10 (MIDI CH = 10, x = 0) is set to MAP1 (1), and other Parts are set to normal instrumental Parts (OFF (0)).
40 1x 16 00 00 01 28-58 PITCH KEY SHIFT -24 - +24 [semitones] 40 0 [semitones]
40 1x 19 00 00 01 00-7F PART LEVEL
(= CC# 7)
0-127 64 100
40 1x 1A 00 00 01 00-7F VELOCITY SENSE DEPTH 0-127 40 64
40 1x 1B 00 00 01 00-7F VELOCITY SENSE OFFSET 0-127 40 64
40 1x 1C 00 00 01 01-7F PART PANPOT -63 (LEFT) - +63 (RIGHT) 40 0 (CENTER)
40 1x 1D 00 00 01 00-7F KEY RANGE LOW C-1 - G9 00 C-1
40 1x 1E 00 00 01 00-7F KEY RANGE HIGH C-1 - G9 7F G 9
40 1x 1F 00 00 01 00-5F CC1 CONTROLLER NUMBER 0-95 10 16
40 1x 20 00 00 01 00-5F CC2 CONTROLLER NUMBER 0-95 11 17
40 1x 21 00 00 01 00-7F CHORUS SEND LEVEL
(= CC# 93)
0-127 00 0
40 1x 22 00 00 01 00-7F REVERB SEND LEVEL
(= CC# 91)
0-127 28 40
40 1x 23 00 00 01 00-01 Rx.BANK SELECT OFF/ON 01(00*) ON (OFF*)
* Rx. BANK SELECT is set to ON by power-on or by receiving "GS RESET," and will be set OFF when "Turn General MIDI System On" is received.
40 1x 2A 00 00 02 00 00-40 00-7F 7F PITCH FINE TUNE
(=RPN#1)
-100 - 0 - +100[cent] 0  
40 1x 2B#
40 1x 2C 00 00 01 00-7F DELAY SEND LEVEL
(= CC# 94)
0-127 00 0
40 1x 30 00 00 01 00-7F TONE MODIFY 1
Vibrato rate(= NRPN# 8)
-64 - +63 40 0
40 1x 31 00 00 01 00-7F TONE MODIFY 2
Vibrato depth(= NRPN# 9)
-64 - +63 40 0
40 1x 32 00 00 01 00-7F TONE MODIFY 3
TVF cutoff frequency (= NRPN# 32)
-64 - +63 40 0
40 1x 34 00 00 01 00-7F TONE MODIFY 5
TVF&TVA Env.attack(= NRPN# 99)
-64 - +63 40 0
40 1x 35 00 00 01 00-7F TONE MODIFY 6
TVF&TVA Env.decay(= NRPN# 100)
-64 - +63 40 0
40 1x 36 00 00 01 00-7F TONE MODIFY 7
TVF&TVA Env.release(= NRPN# 102)
-64 - +63 40 0
40 1x 37 00 00 01 00-7F TONE MODIFY 8
Vibrato delay(= NRPN# 10)
-64 - +63 40 0
40 1x 40 00 00 0C 00-7F SCALE TUNING C -64 - +63[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 1x 41#   00-7F SCALE TUNING C# -64 - +63[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 1x 42#   00-7F SCALE TUNING D -64 - +63[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 1x 43#   00-7F SCALE TUNING D# -64 - +63[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 1x 44#   00-7F SCALE TUNING E -64 - +63[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 1x 45#   00-7F SCALE TUNING F -64 - +63[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 1x 46#   00-7F SCALE TUNING F# -64 - +63[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 1x 47#   00-7F SCALE TUNING G -64 - +63[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 1x 48#   00-7F SCALE TUNING G# -64 - +63[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 1x 49#   00-7F SCALE TUNING A -64 - +63[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 1x 4A#   00-7F SCALE TUNING A# -64 - +63[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 1x 4B#   00-7F SCALE TUNING B -64 - +63[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 2x 00 00 00 01 28-58 MOD PITCH CONTROL -24 - +24[semitones] 40 0[semitones]
40 2x 01 00 00 01 00-7F MOD TVF CUTOFF CONTROL -9600 - +9600[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 2x 02 00 00 01 00-7F MOD AMPLITUDE CONTROL -100.0 - +100.0[%] 40 0[%]
40 2x 03 00 00 01 00-7F MOD LFO RATE CONTROL -10.0 - +10.0[Hz] 40 0[Hz]
40 2x 04 00 00 01 00-7F MOD LFO PITCH DEPTH 0-600[cent] 0A 47[cent]
40 2x 05 00 00 01 00-7F MOD LFO TVF DEPTH 0-2400[cent] 00 0[cent]
40 2x 06 00 00 01 00-7F MOD LFO TVA DEPTH 0-100.0[%] 00 0[%]
40 2x 10 00 00 01 40-58 BEND PITCH CONTROL 0-24[semitones] 42 2[semitones]
40 2x 11 00 00 01 00-7F BEND TVF CUTOFF CONTROL -9600 - +9600[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 2x 12 00 00 01 00-7F BEND AMPLITUDE CONTROL -100.0 - +100.0[%] 40 0[%]
40 2x 13 00 00 01 00-7F BEND LFO RATE CONTROL -10.0 - +10.0[Hz] 40 0[Hz]
40 2x 14 00 00 01 00-7F BEND LFO PITCH DEPTH 0-600[cent] 00 0[cent]
40 2x 15 00 00 01 00-7F BEND LFO TVF DEPTH 0-2400[cent] 00 0[cent]
40 2x 16 00 00 01 00-7F BEND LFO TVA DEPTH 0-100.0[%] 00 0[%]
40 2x 20 00 00 01 28-58 CAf PITCH CONTROL -24 - +24[semitones] 40 0[semitones]
40 2x 21 00 00 01 00-7F CAf TVF CUTOFF CONTROL -9600 - +9600[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 2x 22 00 00 01 00-7F CAf AMPLITUDE CONTROL -100.0 - +100.0[%] 40 0[%]
40 2x 23 00 00 01 00-7F CAf LFO RATE CONTROL -10.0 - +10.0[Hz] 40 0[Hz]
40 2x 24 00 00 01 00-7F CAf LFO PITCH DEPTH 0-600[cent] 00 0[cent]
40 2x 25 00 00 01 00-7F CAf LFO TVF DEPTH 0-2400[cent] 00 0[cent]
40 2x 26 00 00 01 00-7F CAf LFO TVA DEPTH 0-100.0[%] 00 0[%]
40 2x 40 00 00 01 28-58 CC1 PITCH CONTROL -24 - +24[semitones] 40 0[semitones]
40 2x 41 00 00 01 00-7F CC1 TVF CUTOFF CONTROL -9600 - +9600[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 2x 42 00 00 01 00-7F CC1 AMPLITUDE CONTROL -100.0 - +100.0[%] 40 0[%]
40 2x 43 00 00 01 00-7F CC1 LFO RATE CONTROL -10.0 - +10.0[Hz] 40 0[Hz]
40 2x 44 00 00 01 00-7F CC1 LFO PITCH DEPTH 0-600[cent] 00 0[cent]
40 2x 45 00 00 01 00-7F CC1 LFO TVF DEPTH 0-2400[cent] 00 0[cent]
40 2x 46 00 00 01 00-7F CC1 LFO TVA DEPTH 0-100.0[%] 00 0[%]
40 2x 50 00 00 01 28-58 CC2 PITCH CONTROL -24 - +24[semitones] 40 0[semitones]
40 2x 51 00 00 01 00-7F CC2 TVF CUTOFF CONTROL -9600 - +9600[cent] 40 0[cent]
40 2x 52 00 00 01 00-7F CC2 AMPLITUDE CONTROL -100.0 - +100.0[%] 40 0[%]
40 2x 53 00 00 01 00-7F CC2 LFO RATE CONTROL -10.0 - +10.0[Hz] 40 0[Hz]
40 2x 54 00 00 01 00-7F CC2 LFO PITCH DEPTH 0-600[cent] 00 0[cent]
40 2x 55 00 00 01 00-7F CC2 LFO TVF DEPTH 0-2400[cent] 00 0[cent]
40 2x 56 00 00 01 00-7F CC2 LFO TVA DEPTH 0-100.0[%] 00 0[%]

<Drum Setup Parameters>

* m: Map number (0 = MAP1, 1 = MAP2)
* rr: drum part note number (00H-7FH)

Address (H) Size (H) Data (H) Parameter Description
41 m1 rr 00 00 01 00-7F PLAY NOTE NUMBER Pitch coarse
41 m2 rr 00 00 01 00-7F
(= NRPN# 26)
LEVEL TVA level
41 m3 rr 00 00 01 00-7F ASSIGN GROUP NUMBER Non, 1-127
41 m4 rr 00 00 01 01-7F
(= NRPN# 28)
PANPOT -63 (LEFT) - +63 (RIGHT)
41 m5 rr 00 00 01 00-7F
(= NRPN# 29)Multiplicand of the part reverb depth
REVERB SEND LEVEL 0.0-1.0
41 m6 rr 00 00 01 00-7F
(= NRPN# 30)Multiplicand of the part chorus depth
CHORUS SEND LEVEL 0.0-1.0
41 m7 rr 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. NOTE OFF OFF/ON
41 m8 rr 00 00 01 00-01 Rx. NOTE ON OFF/ON
41 m9 rr 00 00 01 00-7F
(= NRPN# 31)Multiplicand of the part chorus depth
DELAY SEND LEVEL 0.0-1.0

* When the Drum Set is changed, DRUM SETUP PARAMETER values will all be initialized.

Supplementary material

<Decimal and Hexadecimal table>

In MIDI documentation, data values and addresses/sizes of exclusive messages etc. are expressed as hexadecimal values for each 7 bits.
The following table shows how these correspond to decimal numbers.

Dec. Hex. Dec. Hex. Dec. Hex. Dec. Hex.
0 00H 32 20H 64 40H 96 60H
1 01H 33 21H 65 41H 97 61H
2 02H 34 22H 66 42H 98 62H
3 03H 35 23H 67 43H 99 63H
4 04H 36 24H 68 44H 100 64H
5 05H 37 25H 69 45H 101 65H
6 06H 38 26H 70 46H 102 66H
7 07H 39 27H 71 47H 103 67H
8 08H 40 28H 72 48H 104 68H
9 09H 41 29H 73 49H 105 69H
10 0AH 42 2AH 74 4AH 106 6AH
11 0BH 43 2BH 75 4BH 107 6BH
12 0CH 44 2CH 76 4CH 108 6CH
13 0DH 45 2DH 77 4DH 109 6DH
14 0EH 46 2EH 78 4EH 110 6EH
15 0FH 47 2FH 79 4FH 111 6FH
16 10H 48 30H 80 50H 112 70H
17 11H 49 31H 81 51H 113 71H
18 12H 50 32H 82 52H 114 72H
19 13H 51 33H 83 53H 115 73H
20 14H 52 34H 84 54H 116 74H
21 15H 53 35H 85 55H 117 75H
22 16H 54 36H 86 56H 118 76H
23 17H 55 37H 87 57H 119 77H
24 18H 56 38H 88 58H 120 78H
25 19H 57 39H 89 59H 121 79H
26 1AH 58 3AH 90 5AH 122 7AH
27 1BH 69 3BH 91 5BH 123 7BH
28 1CH 60 3CH 92 5CH 124 7CH
29 1DH 61 3DH 93 5DH 125 7DH
30 1EH 62 3EH 94 5EH 126 7EH
31 1FH 63 3FH 95 5FH 127 7FH

* Decimal values such as MIDI channel, bank select, and program change are listed as one (1) greater than the values given in the above table.
* A 7-bit byte can express data in the range of 128 steps. For data where greater precision is required, we must use two or more bytes. For example, two hexadecimal numbers aa bbH expressing two 7-bit bytes would indicate a value of aa x 128 + bb.
* In the case of values which have a ? sign, 00H = -64, 40H = ?0, and 7FH = +63, so that the decimal expression would be 64 less than the value given in the above chart. In the case of two types, 00 00H = -8192, 40 00H = ?0, and 7F 7FH = +8191. For example if aa bbH were expressed as decimal, this would be aa bbH - 40 00H = aa x 128 + bb - 64 x 128.
* Data marked "nibbled" is expressed in hexadecimal in 4-bit units. A value expressed as a 2-byte nibble 0a 0bH has the value of a x 16 + b.

<Example 1> What is the decimal expression of 5AH ?
From the preceding table, 5AH = 90

<Example 2> What is the decimal expression of the value 12 34H given as hexadecimal for each 7 bits?
From the preceding table, since 12H = 18 and 34H = 52
18 x 128 + 52 = 2356

<Example 3> What is the decimal expression of the nibbled value 0A 03 09 0D ?
From the preceding table, since 0AH = 10, 03H = 3, 09H = 9, 0DH = 13
((10 x 16 + 3) x 16 + 9) x 16 + 13 = 41885

<Example 4> What is the nibbled expression of the decimal value 1258?
16) 1258
16) 78 ... 10
16) 4 ... 14
0 ... 4
Since from the preceding table, 0 = 00H, 4 = 04H, 14 = 0EH, 10 = 0AH, the answer is 00 04 0E 0AH.

<Examples of actual MIDI messages>

<Example 1> 92 3E 5F
9n is the Note-on status, and n is the MIDI channel number. Since 2H = 2, 3EH = 62, and 5FH = 95, this is a Note-on message with MIDI CH = 3, note number 62 (note name is D4), and velocity 95.

<Example 2> CE 49
CnH is the Program Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number. Since EH = 14 and 49H = 73, this is a Program Change message with MIDI CH = 15, program number 74 (Flute in GS).

<Example 3> EA 00 28
EnH is the Pitch Bend Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number. The 2nd byte (00H = 0) is the LSB and the 3rd byte (28H = 40) is the MSB, but Pitch Bend Value is a signed number in which 40 00H (= 64 x 128 + 0 = 8192) is 0, so this Pitch Bend Value is
28 00H - 40 00H = 40 x 128 + 0 - (64 x 128 + 0) = 5120 - 8192 = -3072

If the Pitch Bend Sensitivity is set to 2 semitones, -8192 (00 00H) will cause the pitch to change -200 cents, so in this case -200 x (-3072) / (-8192) = -75 cents of Pitch Bend is being applied to MIDI channel 11.

# <Example 4> B3 64 00 65 00 06 0C 26 00 64 7F 65 7F
BnH is the Control Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number. For Control Changes, the 2nd byte is the control number, and the 3rd byte is the value. In a case in which two or more messages consecutive messages have the same status, MIDI has a provision called "running status" which allows the status byte of the second and following messages to be omitted. Thus, the above messages have the following meaning.

B3 64 00 MIDI ch.4, lower byte of RPN parameter number: 00H
(B3)65 00 (MIDI ch.4) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 00H
(B3)06 0C (MIDI ch.4) upper byte of parameter value: 0CH
(B3)26 00 (MIDI ch.4) lower byte of parameter value: 00H
(B3)64 7F (MIDI ch.4) lower byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH
(B3)65 7F (MIDI ch.4) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH

In other words, the above messages specify a value of 0C 00H for RPN parameter number 00 00H on MIDI channel 4, and then set the RPN parameter number to 7F 7FH.

RPN parameter number 00 00H is Pitch Bend Sensitivity, and the MSB of the value indicates semitone units, so a value of 0CH = 12 sets the maximum pitch bend range to ?12 semitones (1 octave). (On GS sound sources the LSB of Pitch Bend Sensitivity is ignored, but the LSB should be transmitted anyway (with a value of 0) so that operation will be correct on any device.)

Once the parameter number has been specified for RPN or NRPN, all Data Entry messages transmitted on that same channel will be valid, so after the desired value has been transmitted, it is a good idea to set the parameter number to 7F 7FH to prevent accidents. This is the reason for the (B3) 64 7F (B3) 65 7F at the end.

It is not desirable for performance data (such as Standard MIDI File data) to contain many events with running status as given in <Example 4>. This is because if playback is halted during the song and then rewound or fast-forwarded, the sequencer may not be able to transmit the correct status, and the sound source will then misinterpret the data. Take care to give each event its own status.

It is also necessary that the RPN or NRPN parameter number setting and the value setting be done in the proper order. On some sequencers, events occurring in the same (or consecutive) clock may be transmitted in an order different than the order in which they were received. For this reason it is a good idea to slightly skew the time of each event (about 1 tick for TPQN = 96, and about 5 ticks for TPQN = 480).

* TPQN: Ticks Per Quarter Note

<About tuning>

In MIDI, individual Parts are tuned by sending RPN #1 (Master Fine Tuning) to the appropriate MIDI channel.
In MIDI, an entire device is tuned by either sending RPN #1 to all MIDI channels being used, or by sending a System Exclusive MASTER TUNE (address 40 00 00H).
RPN #1 allows tuning to be specified in steps of approximately 0.012 cents (to be precise, 100/8192 cent), and System Exclusive MASTER TUNE allows tuning in steps of 0.1 cent. One cent is 1/100th of a semitone.
The values of RPN #1 (Master Fine Tuning) and System Exclusive MASTER TUNE are added together to determine the actual pitch sounded by each Part.

Frequently used tuning values are given in the following table for your reference. Values are in hexadecimal (decimal in parentheses).

Hz in A4 cent RPN #1 Sys.Ex. 40 00 00
445.0 +19.56 4C 43 (+1603) 00 04 0C 04 (+196)
444.0 +15.67 4A 03 (+1283) 00 04 09 0D (+157)
443.0 +11.76 47 44 (+964) 00 04 07 06 (+118)
442.0 + 7.85 45 03 (+643) 00 04 04 0F (+79)
441.0 + 3.93 42 42 (+322) 00 04 02 07 (+39)
440.0 0.00 40 00 (0) 00 04 00 00 (0)
439.0 - 3.94 3D 3D (-323) 00 03 0D 09 (-39)
438.0 - 7.89 3A 7A (-646) 00 03 0B 01 (-79)

<Example> Set the tuning of MIDI channel 3 to A4 = 442.0 Hz
Send RPN#1 to MIDI channel 3. From the above table, the value is 45 03H.

B2 64 00 MIDI ch.3, lower byte of RPN parameter number: 00H
(B2)65 01 (MIDI ch.3) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 01H
(B2)06 45 (MIDI ch.3) upper byte of parameter value: 45H
(B2)26 03 (MIDI ch.3) lower byte of parameter value: 03H
(B2)64 7F (MIDI ch.3) lower byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH
(B2)65 7F (MIDI ch.3) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH

<The Scale Tune Feature (address: 40 1x 40)>

The scale Tune feature allows you to finely adjust the individual pitch of the notes from C through B. Though the settings are made while working with one octave, the fine adjustments will affect all octaves. By making the appropriate Scale Tune settings, you can obtain a complete variety of tuning methods other than equal temperament. As examples, three possible types of scale setting are explained below.

> Equal Temperament

This method of tuning divides the octave into 12 equal parts. It is currently the most widely used form of tuning,
especially in occidental music. On VSC 3.0, the default settings for the Scale Tune feature produce equal temperament.

> Just Temperament (Keytone C)

The three main chords resound much more beautifully than with equal temperament, but this benefit can only be obtained in one key. If transposed, the chords tend to become ambiguous. The example given involves settings for a key in which C is the keynote.

> Arabian Scale

By altering the setting for Scale Tune, you can obtain a variety of other tunings suited for ethnic music. For example, the settings introduced below will set the unit to use the Arabian Scal

Example Settings:

Note name Equal Temperament Just Temperament (Keytone C) Arabian Scale
C 0 0 -6
C# 0 -8 +45
D 0 +4 -2
D# 0 +16 -12
E 0 -14 -51
F 0 -2 -8
F# 0 -10 +43
G 0 +2 -4
G# 0 +14 +47
A 0 -16 0
A# 0 +14 -10
B 0 -12 -49

The values in the table are given in cents. Refer to the explanation of Scale Tuning to convert these values to hexadecimal, and transmit them as exclusive data.
For example, to set the tune (C-B) of the Part1 Arabian Scale, send the data as follows:

F0 41 10 42 12 40 11 40 3A 6D 3E 34 0D 38 6B 3C 6F 40 36 0F 76 F7